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In the present paper, a mathematical model using the non-linear differential equations depicting the impact of Covid-19 on unemployment is discussed. The stability of the system is studied and model is reformulated as an optimal control problem. To assess the impact of unemployment on human population, two time-dependent controls are used. Providing education and training of job-oriented persons act as first control and campaigning about the awareness of coronavirus disease and self-employment business is the second control. Necessary conditions for optimal control are derived by Pontryagins maximum principle. Further, the results are illustrated by numerical simulation.
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Introduction: The clinical outcomes of COVID-19 infection in children with cancer have been variable worldwide. Therefore, we aimed to collect data from all regions in India through a national collaborative study and identify factors that cause mortality directly related to COVID-19 infection. Method(s): Data was collected prospectively on children across India on cancer therapy and diagnosed with COVID-19 infections from 47 centers from April 2020 to October 2021. Information was recorded on the demographics, the number of children that required intervention, and the outcome of the infection. In addition, we analyzed the impact of the delta variant in 2021. Result(s): A total of 659 children were studied, of whom 64% were male and 36% were female. The data from the eastern region was sparse, and this was a collection bias. COVID-19 infection was predominantly seen in children less than five years. The delta variant had a higher impact in the southern region, and this was statistically significant. Of the 659 children, 30 children died (4.5%), however only 7 of the deaths were directly attributed to COVID-19 infection (1%). Conclusion(s): The study reports the largest nationally representative cohort of children with cancer and COVID-19 to date in India. We identified demographic and clinical factors associated with increased all-cause mortality in patients with cancer. Complete characterization of the cohort has provided further insights into the effects of COVID-19 on cancer outcomes. The low mortality allows us to recommend that specific cancer treatments be continued without delays in therapy.Copyright © 2022
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Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) affects children but mostly has mild course. There is meagre published data on the impact of COVID-19 illness in children with Severe Aplastic anemia (SAA). We describe our experience of managing COVID-19 in children with SAA. Method: Three children of SAA who developed SARS-CoV-2 infection are included in this study. Results: Patient 1 was post Immunosuppressive therapy (IST) for SAA and had an asymptomatic course and uneventful recovery. Patient 2 was several months post IST with no response and had an asymptomatic COVID-19 illness but had delayed viral clearance, however he succumbed to bacterial sepsis soon after. Patient 3 was awaiting IST and while he contracted severe acute respiratory syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, he had symptomatic COVID-19 illness followed by bacterial and fungal sepsis to which he succumbed. Conclusion: COVID-19 in children with SAA can be mild to fatal course and virus may have delayed clearance. It can lead to delay in therapy of SAA. © 2022 Pediatric Hematology Oncology Chapter of Indian Academy of Pediatrics
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Purpose: COVID-19 induced uncertainty in the firms' business transactions, financial markets and product-market competition, causing a severe organizational legitimacy crisis. Using the organizational legitimacy perspective and agency theory, this paper aims to study the relationship between prior corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities, monitoring cost (MC) and firm performance. Design/methodology/approach: This study uses a quarterly panel (16,924 firm-quarter observations from 61 countries for CSR and 53,345 firm-quarter observations from 55 countries for MC) for 14 quarters from January 2018 to June 2021. This study uses panel fixed-effect regression models to estimate the effect of CSR activities and MC (measured as audit fees) on firm performance during the COVID-19 period. Findings: This study finds a U-shaped relationship between CSR and firm performance. This relationship is strengthened during COVID-19. In contrast, this study finds an inverted U-shaped relationship between firm MC and firm performance. However, this relationship is weakened during the pandemic. Originality/value: This study contributes to theory and practice on maintaining organizational legitimacy and reducing agency costs during the pandemic. This study shows that firms' prior legitimacy-gaining practices, such as CSR activities and MC, provide an opportunity to increase firm value. To balance agency costs and legitimacy benefits, firm managers also need to identify the optimal level of CSR activities and MC. © 2023, Emerald Publishing Limited.
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The Corona Virus Disease of 2019 is characterized by a serious epidemic (COVID-19). The acute respiratory syndrome is caused by the coronavirus, which is followed by an inflammatory response in the host. Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is a condition in which the body causes acute breathing problems, multiple organ impairment disorder, and even in the early stages of multiple organ failure extreme COVID-19. Increased development of anti-inflammatory cytokines in the late stages of serious disease causes the immune system's reaction to becoming controlled, resulting in immune fatigue. Pandemics have wreaked havoc on humanity's strata, wiped out whole nations, and strengthening immunity is long overdue. A strong immune system is needed to fight a viral infection. Multivitamin-rich diets improve pathogen immunity by triggering immune responses in several immune cells, as an example. Various immune-stimulating herbs, plants, and spices like chicory, Tinospora cordifolia, Withania somnifera, myrrh, ginger, etc., must be included to counteract the pathogens. © 2022 by the authors.
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Drawing upon empirical evidence and using Sarah Banks's concept 'ethics work' as a conceptual approach, the article examines the ethical dilemmas facing community development practitioners during the COVID-19 pandemic. The article attempts to understand the everyday experience of community development practitioners working with Dalits, women, and labour migrants in India. Further, given these communities' social and economic vulnerabilities, the article tries to comprehend how practitioners' engagement with these communities during the COVID-19 response exposed them to various ethical dilemmas. The article also traces negotiation and navigation strategies for dealing with ethical dilemmas and delivering services in the community during the COVID-19 pandemic in ways that promote human dignity. © 2022 Oxford University Press and Community Development Journal. 2022 All rights reserved.
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Ventilators we are available with have several drawbacks such as difficult to port, expensive and meant to be operated by professionals which create hardness in fighting with medical care. Thus, it creates suffering for people in the pandemic like COVID19. So, it is required to develop a ventilator that can be affordable, easy to port and install. We aimed to design a IoT based ventilator system using various electronic devices such as microcontroller and sensors that could monitor patient's body status. People suffering from COVID19 or any lung disease find difficulty in breathing so in such condition of emergency this smart ventilator system can be used. Ambu bag is used to provide certain volume of air that is pressed by using motor mechanism. A portable low-cost ventilator with computerized controlling and feedback system is installed. Ventilator designed can be connected to an interface for smart functioning. This paper provides us with different methods to monitor the patient's health condition by measurement of pressure, level of breathing to know whether the condition is healthy or unhealthy. The designing and developing of low-cost portable ventilator deliver breaths to patients when Ambu bag is compressed by using a piston connected to servo motor whose speed can be varied. Input of the designed system is patient's heart beat and breathing rate and the volume of oxygen provided to patient's lung with required beathing rate is the output of the system. PID (proportional Integral Derivative) and Full state feedback H2 controllers are used for the performance analysis of the system. Result of this review paper is found that a low-cost ventilator is developed removing all the possible shortcomings of existing conventional ventilator. Ventilator designed is portable and smart by using Arduino, servo motor and ambu bag preferred for emergency uses and available for clinical application. © 2023 IEEE.
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Cytokines are immunomodulating agents that act through cell surface receptors. They can be either glycoproteins or peptides. A number of properties have been attributed to cytokines like pleiotropy, redundancy, synergy, antagonism and cascade induction. Cell differentiation, proliferation or activation are the effects of cytokines. They may stimulate the action in their own cell, in a nearby cell or in a distant cell depending on the stimulus. Cytokines are classified based on their structure and function into different types and have a crucial role in defeating diseases. Recombinant cytokines are being produced and are used in the pharmaceutical industry as a drug. Cytokine therapy is a new research approach to treat patients suffering from cancer, covid or other malignancies. © 2023 selection and editorial matter, Indrakant Singh and Poonam Sharma;individual chapters, the contributors.
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Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with adverse clinical outcomes and high mortality in patients with corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The relationship between diabetes and COVID-19 is known to be bidirectional. Aim: To analyze the rate of new-onset diabetes in COVID-19 patients and asses the clinical outcomes of new-onset diabetes and hyperglycemia among COVID-19 patients Methods: This cross sectional study was enrolled individuals admitted with COVID-19 and newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus. (DM);based on laboratory diagnoses. Results: Analysis showed that 13.7% (84/610) of COVID-19 patients had newly diagnosed DM. Majority of the newly diagnosed diabetic patient was male (58.3%), most of them (33.3%) were 51-60 year age group. Higher incidence of DM was reported in urban population (54.8%). The significant risk factors of diabetes were found family history of diabetes, (53.6%) and obesity (72.6%). Hypertension was the most common (61.7%) comorbidity associated with the DM. Conclusions: Diabetes diagnosed at COVID-19 presentation is associated with lower glucose but higher inflammatory markers and ICU admission, suggesting stress hyperglycemia as a major physiologic mechanism.
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This article studies the patient's behavioural intentions towards the potential use of metaverse in the healthcare sector. Metaverse is a new technology that can replicate some physical events into virtual events. Metaverse can be a significant alternative to offer targeted medical services to patients. Authors have collected data from people those have availed hospital services post COVID-19 pandemic. The data were collected from Delhi-NCR region (India). The study has been conducted with the help of the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) employing all its components (attitude, subjective norms, control, adoption intention, and behaviour). TPB model statements have been adapted and modified for the suitability of this study. Attitude, subjective norms, and control were positively related to the ‘intention to adopt'. Control and behaviour did not correlate. This empirical research report concludes that individual attitude, subjective norms in society, and the expected outcome (control) contribute to the ‘intention to use' metaverse platforms for healthcare services. While the expected outcome (control) was unrelated to customer behaviour towards the metaverse platform. Finally, the study draws important insights for various stakeholders. © 2023 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
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Background: In March 2020, the world health organization declared COVID-19 a worldwide pandemic. Countries introduced public health measures to contain and reduce its spread. The effect of mandated societal lockdown to reduce the transmission of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on road traffic accidents is not known. For this we performed an in-depth analysis using data of emergency and trauma centre UPUMS, Saifai Materials and Methods: We reviewed data on total 2876 road traffic accident records in UPUMS, Saifai from January 1, 2020 through September 30, 2020. We treated March 20th as the first day of mandated societal lockdown and 1st July as the first day of re-opening Results: We have found that there is increase in road traffic accidents resulting in serious or fatal injuries during lockdown and post-lockdown period. Conclusion: Road traffic accidents are a prominent contributor to hospitalization and may negatively impact the existing hospital resources directed towards COVID-19. © 2023 DMICS.
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The global is as of now seeing an emotional interruption of typical ways of life on account of the quick progression of the COVID-19 disease. There is an urgent need to develop a technical tool or algorithm to know about the epidemiology, impact and mortality of the pandemic. This algorithm will help the health experts to make the policy to prevent the death rate associated with COVID-19. We conclude that Saudi Arabia currently has the highest absolute PEI (9.6) which is too high more than 10,000 recorded cases of the infection. Measurements show the number of deaths during this pandemic. PEI related to COVID-19 is gradually low in UK (0.3), Spain (0.4) and other countries.Copyright © 2022 Authors. All rights reserved.
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The purpose of this paper is to enhance the performance of the virtual assistant. So, what exactly is a virtual assistant. Application software, often called virtual assistants, also known as AI assistants or digital assistants, is software that understands natural language voice commands and can perform tasks on your behalf. What does a virtual assistant do. Virtual assistants can complete practically any specific smartphone or PC activity that you can complete on your own, and the list is continually expanding. Virtual assistants typically do an impressive variety of tasks, including scheduling meetings, delivering messages, and monitoring the weather. Previous virtual assistants, like Google Assistant and Cortana, had limits in that they could only perform searches and were not entirely automated. For instance, these engines do not have the ability to forward and rewind the song in order to maintain the control function of the song;they can only have the module to search for songs and play them. Currently, we are working on a project where we are automating Google, YouTube, and many other new things to improve the functionality of this project. Now, in order to simplify the process, we've added a virtual mouse that can only be used for cursor control and clicking. It receives input from the camera, and our index finger acts as the mouse tip, our middle finger as the right click, and so forth.Copyright © 2022 Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications. All rights reserved.
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Background: Most common cardio vascular disease events after COVID-19 were hypertension, pulmonary embolism, acute coronary syndrome, myocarditis, stress-Cardiomyopathy, arrhythmias, carcinogenic shock, and cardiac arrest. Aim: To evaluate cardio vascular disease events in patients recovered from COVID-19 in central Indian population Methods: This retrospective observational study was carried out in the department of medicine in a tertiary care hospital, central India. Asses all the participants for post covid cardio vascular events, detailed history, clinical examination and all necessary investigation was done Results: in our study Post COVID 19 cardio vascular events was occur in 17.6%. Majority of the patient was male (69.3%), most common age group were 51-60 years. Higher incidence of cardio vascular disease was reported in obese person. Common cardio vascular diseases found after COVID 19 infection were, hypertension (35.3%), pulmonary embolism (23.5%), Myocarditis (20.6%), myocardial infection (11.8%) and Arrhythmias were in 8.8% cases. Conclusion: Overall observations indicate an increased incidence of hypertension and CVDs post recovery from COVID-19. A dual therapy of ARBs was the preferred choice for management of hypertension. Regular follow-up and close monitoring of symptoms to prevent further CV complications in COVID-19 recovered patients is recommended.